UNIT 1

 

INTERIOR DESIGN

Interior decorating is the art of decorating, according to theme/ standard preferences and style. It includes selecting color schemes, flooring materials, furniture, artwork, and accessories.

Interior design is the art and science of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve an aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using the space.

 

Types of Interior design

1.      Modern design

2.      Contemporary design

3.      Mid-century modern design

4.      Minimalist design

5.      Scandinavian style

6.      Industrial design

7.      Traditional/ vintage

8.      Eclectic design

 

1.      Modern Design: It is a broad design term that typically refers to clean, crisp lines, a simple colour palette and the use of materials that can include metal, glass and steel. Modern design employs a sense of simplicity in every element, including furniture. A word that’s commonly used to describe modern style is sleek, and there is not a lot of clutter or accessories involved with a modern style

2.      Contemporary design: It is constantly evolving to reflect the popular styles of present-day design. It borrows qualities from modernism, minimalism, Art Deco, and other global styles, without hyper-focusing on any one in particular.

3.      Mid-century modern design: Mid-century modern style is a throwback to the design from the mid-1900s— primarily the 1950s and 60s. There’s a retro nostalgia present in Mid- Century Modern Design, and also some elements of minimalism. Functionality or “fussy-free” was the main theme for Mid-century design. Its emphasis on pared-down forms, natural or organic shapes such as “egg- shaped” chair, easy-to-use contemporary designs and simple fabrications. It easily complements any interior and also helps with seamless transition from interior to exterior.

4.      Minimalist design: This concept is most popular in Australia. It takes notions of modern design and simplifies them further. Colour palettes are neutral and airy; furnishings are simple and streamlined, and nothing is excessive in accessories or décor. Minimalism is ultimately defined by a sense of functionality and ultra-clean lines.

5.      Scandinavian design style: Scandinavian design pays homage to the simplicity of life demonstrated in Nordic countries. Scandinavian furniture design often feels like a work of art, although it is simple and understated. Other common characteristics include all-white colour palettes and the incorporation of natural elements like form-pressed wood, bright plastics, and enamelled aluminium, steel and wide plank flooring. If there are pops of colour it often comes from the use of art, natural fibre throws or furs, or a single piece of furniture. Spacious, natural lighting, less accessories and functional furniture characterizes Scandinavian designs.

6.      Industrial design: As the name implies, this style draws inspiration from a warehouse or an urban loft. There’s a sense of unfinished rawness in many of the elements, and it’s not uncommon to see exposed brick, ductwork and wood. High ceilings, old timber and dangling metal light fixtures with sparse functional furniture are some of the highlighted features of industrial design.

7.      Traditional design: This style offers classic details, sumptuous furnishings, and an abundance of accessories. It is rooted in European sensibilities. Traditional structure often features dark, finished wood, rich colour palettes, and a variety of textures and curved lines. Furnishings have elaborated and ornate details and fabrics, like velvet, silk and brocade, which may include a variety of patterns and textures. There’s depth, layering and dimensionality within most traditional designs.

8.      Eclectic design: eclectic interior design is all about high-energy, spell binding finds and furnishings. Think bold color palettes, textures, and patterns brought together to create a rich mix with utility and focal points in mind. Not to be mistaken for an anything goes spirit, eclectic design is all about consistency, go-to hues, and best of all, the freedom to explore creative directions with studied nuances.

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Once the guidelines and the theme are decided for interior decoration then the elements of design come into action, e.g. Color, line, form, texture, space

1. Line: As a geometric conception a line is a point in motion with only one-dimensional length. Line has both a position and direction in a space. The variables of lines are size, shapes, position, direction and density. Points create line; lines create shape, plane and volume.

All lines have direction – horizontal, vertical and oblique.

·       Horizontal suggests stability, responsiveness and relaxation.

·       Vertical lines give a feeling of balance, formality and alertness.

·       Oblique line suggests movement and action.

·       Diagonal lines suggest action as they keep the eye moving

·       Circular curves express a feeling of cheerfulness.

·       Softer ‘S’ shaped curve may express gracefulness and refinement.

Line represents order and gives the eye explicit direction, where to look for (specific direction). Line, group relates object together and divide unrelated objects. The line is also the edge where two shapes meet. Two sheets of paper placed side by side have line between them. Most often lines are functional rather than decorative.

• To decide which part to display is the most important and direction attention to it by judicious use of lines.
• Remember that all margins are invisible lines.
• Attention to line does not mean that all elements in the design have to be lined up.

2.      Shape: Shape is a type of form used in a display. The important part is to arrange all the different sizes and shaped items into larger and more important shapes and then relate them to rest of the design. Following are the tips on using shapes/forms:

• Background shape has to be simple and large.
• Don’t mix shapes too much.
• Try to limit the different shapes and sizes used.
2. Color: It is another powerful element of design. It can stand alone, act as a background, or highlight other elements in your design. It is also a fantastic tool for creating and establishing a mood for the brand. For example, red typically signifies love, strength, power, and desire; green typically signifies tranquillity, good luck, and health.

• Hue refers to the name of the color. For example, “red,” “blue,” and “green” are all hues.
• Saturation refers to the intensity or purity of the color. A specific hue can have a vibrant or dull saturation (and anywhere in between).
• Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. Color can be “tinted” by adding white or “shaded” by adding a layer of black.

4. Texture: In some instances, texture takes the place of pattern and in decorative schemes where color contrasts are not great, texture matters a great deal; thus, different tone of gold or yellow may be used without any monotony when the upholstery is velvet, curtains silk and carpet wool.

Much more attention is paid to texture now than formerly and with the wide choice of material available, variety in texture should not be difficult. In wall coverings alone, texture may vary from the cold, shiny, smooth surface of glass to the warmer, rougher surfaces of grass cloth, Hessian and flock paper covering.

5.      Form: Colour is frequently used in conjunction with form, and this adds interest to a decorative scheme, but the introduction of shape in an interior design is not without its problems, and needs careful consideration because:

·       it may help create the illusion of greater or smaller space;

·       too much shapes are disturbing to the eye and creates a ‘busy’ room;

·       large shapes can be overpowering in a small room;

·       small shapes may be lost in a large area;

·       if two shapes are thought necessary, they should be different in character and one should be dominant;

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

1. Balance: It is a total visual weightage an a whole in anyway. Eg. Bright color, large pattern etc. all gives effect of heaviness. Visual effect of a balance can be of three types:

1. Symmetrical: The similar reflection in a repetitive manner in a mirror can be called as a symmetrical designed object. It creates a similar image from both the sides of an imaginary axis. It gives formality, stability, and security. Automatically adds a dignity to a room.
2. Asymmetrical: it is just an opposite of the symmetrical design. But balance should be maintained here also. It can be of different shapes, colors, patterns etc. It suggests informality, nature wise and the sense of spontaneity, movement and change.
3. Radial: As name says certain, same design element will be repeated around a single point. Gives the eyes a visual impression of circulating things and rotating shapes. If it gives the similar mirror image it can be called as a symmetrical radial design.

 

2. Rhythm: Creating variety in design with a sense of vibration or variation, by using shapes, lines, etc.

1. Repetition: Repetition designs to create a new design.
2. Progression: Arranging design in such a way that it shows moving forward or tend to look in a motion, which makes eyes look the object as if moving or in progress. It can be created by different shapes or size or by shades of a same color.

 

3. Harmony: Harmony is to attain visual balance by relating one design element to another design element in the best suited way. It creates to overall soothing view of a place. Balance is visual thing whereas harmony is overall balance of the elements in the room.

 

4. Scale & proportion: Scale is a size of an object when compared with the space. Scale is an understanding of how the size of one object in a space relates to the size of the other objects in the space, as well as the size of the space itself. Scale also describes the size of an object in relation to the human figure; for example, furniture is designed to human scale.

Proportion is an understanding of the scale of specific design elements on a single object; these elements include size, shape, texture, and color. Proportion is concerned with the relationship between parts of a whole.

 

5. Focal Point: It deals in terms of dominance i.e. the dominating point or point of attraction or concentration of the whole place. The main point needs to emphasize in a room is called a focal point, it is such that on entering that room the particular point should be looking the most attractive. The focal point may be set automatically to the purpose of the room or according to the occupant’s perceptions.

 

6. Unity: This is what gives strength to the overall décor. It holds everything together to render a beautiful and meaningful décor. Eg. Theme decoration or restaurant – it holds different or asymmetrical design elements all together to give a clear picture or idea of the chosen theme.

Hospitality Sector Warming-up for the Differently-abled Guests

•       At least one room for the differently abled guest.

•       Wheel chair have to be available within the premises on a complimentary basis.

•       The guestroom shall have low height furniture, low peep hole, cupboard with low clothe hangers, audible and visible (blinking light) alarm system and doorbell.

•       Bathroom door width (minimum 90 cm) should allow wheel chair to enter easily. The almirah must have sliding doors.

•       Hotel entrance door width should be one meter to allow wheel chair access and must have ramps with anti-slip floors.

•       Free accessibility in all public areas and to at least one restaurant.

•       Public area washroom doors must have minimum width of 90 cm.

•       There should be at least one telephone (public telephone on premises) no higher than 24” from floor level

•       Exclusively earmarked accessible parking nearest to the entrance has to be there (adequate in relation to the number of rooms & banquet / convention hall capacities).

•       24 hr. lifts for buildings higher than ground plus two floors.